Pleural Effusion is a condition in which excess fluid builds up in the pleural space, the thin space between the lungs and the chest wall. A small amount of fluid normally helps the lungs move smoothly during breathing, but excessive fluid can put pressure on the lung and make breathing difficult.

Common Causes

Pleural effusion can occur due to several underlying conditions, including:

• Heart failure
• Pneumonia and other infections
• Tuberculosis
• Kidney or liver disease
• Certain cancers
• Inflammatory conditions
• Chest injury or surgery

Common Symptoms

Symptoms may vary depending on the amount of fluid and the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain, especially when taking a deep breath
• Persistent cough
• Difficulty breathing when lying down
• Fever or chills, particularly when infection is present
• Fatigue

Some people may have no noticeable symptoms when the amount of fluid is small.

Diagnosis

Doctors may evaluate pleural effusion using a physical examination and imaging tests such as a chest X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan. In some cases, a sample of the fluid may be removed using a procedure called thoracentesis to determine its cause.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the amount of fluid present. It may include medicines such as antibiotics or diuretics, treatment of the underlying medical condition, or drainage of excess fluid. Larger or recurrent effusions may require additional procedures or specialist care.

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek medical attention if you experience new or worsening shortness of breath, significant chest pain, high fever, or difficulty breathing. Prompt evaluation can help identify the underlying cause and prevent complications.