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Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) refers to a group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the lung tissue surrounding the air sacs. Over time, this scarring can make the lungs stiff and reduce their ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream. Early evaluation and appropriate management can help control symptoms and slow disease progression.
ILD can develop from many different causes. These may include autoimmune diseases, long-term exposure to dust or chemicals, certain medications, radiation therapy, infections, and genetic factors. In some cases, no specific cause can be identified, which is known as idiopathic interstitial lung disease.
Diagnosis typically involves a detailed medical history and physical examination along with lung function testing. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest is commonly used to evaluate lung structure. Blood tests, oxygen measurements, and other investigations may also be recommended depending on the suspected cause.
Treatment depends on the specific type and cause of ILD. Management may include medications to reduce inflammation or slow lung scarring, supplemental oxygen, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccinations, and treatment of any underlying condition. In selected patients with advanced disease, lung transplantation may be considered.
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent or worsening breathlessness, a chronic dry cough, unexplained fatigue, or reduced ability to perform routine physical activities. Sudden or severe breathing difficulty requires urgent medical assessment.
